Land disputes in Indonesia, particularly concerning land without certificates,
remain a persistent and complex issue. This research focuses on the implementation
of the authority of the National Land Agency (BPN) in resolving land disputes in
Ketapang Regency, where many lands are still uncertified. The study aims to examine
the legal framework governing land disputes, analyze the challenges faced by BPN,
and propose solutions to improve dispute resolution mechanisms. Using an empirical
legal approach, this research compares existing regulations with field conditions to
identify gaps and inefficiencies. The findings highlight that the lack of public
awareness regarding the importance of land certification and reliance on informal
documents like Letter C exacerbate disputes. Additionally, social and economic
factors, such as community resistance to relocation efforts, pose significant
challenges to dispute resolution. The study concludes that strengthening legal
enforcement, improving public education on land certification, and adopting a
participatory approach involving all stakeholders are essential for effective dispute
resolution. This research contributes to understanding how BPN's authority can be
optimized to address land disputes and enhance legal certainty in Indonesia's
agrarian sector.