This research examines the effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC)
in enforcing International Humanitarian Law (IHL) during the ongoing armed
conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The research highlights critical violations of
HHI committed by Russia, including excessive use of force and attacks on civilian
populations, which have raised significant concerns regarding the protection of
civilians in conflict zones. This analysis utilizes normative legal methods by
reviewing literature relevant to the subject matter and existing legal frameworks,
with the aim of providing insight into the challenges faced by the ICC in prosecuting
war crimes and liability for violations of HHI. The ICC was established to deal with
various international crimes including those committed by Russia, but various
ineffectiveness factors hinder the ICC in handling them, to overcome its
ineffectiveness requires support from member states, establish military cooperation
and strengthen cooperation with the UN Security Council in order to gain support
so that it can become a more effective international criminal court. The findings
are expected to contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of
international judicial mechanisms and their role in preventing international crimes in the future.