Abandonment of illegitimate children is a form of violence against children. Abandonment of illegitimate children can be caused by family factors, individual factors, economic factors, educational factors, community factors, or social
environmental factors. Criminal liability for the abandonment of illegitimate children by parents is necessary to minimize acts of neglect of children. This legal
writing aims to find out and analyze the factors that cause neglect of illegitimate children by parents and criminal liability by parents who abandon illegitimate children. This research is normative in nature using secondary data as the main data. The results of this research are processed using qualitative data analysis to examine information in depth. The results of this research are that child abandonment can occur due to many factors such as family factors, educational factors, economic factors, health factors, individual factors, community factors, and social environmental factors and criminal liability for child abandonment has been regulated in Article 305, Article 306, Article 307, Article 308 of the Criminal Code, Article 77 of Law Number 23 of 2002 in conjunction with Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection.